2020, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Part A

In wireless ad hoc networks, security is a critical concern due to their dynamic and distributed nature. One of the most challenging security threats in these networks is the black hole attack, where malicious nodes drop packets rather than forwarding them, leading to disruption in communication. To mitigate such attacks, various routing techniques have been proposed, including proactive and reactive approaches. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of proactive and reactive routing techniques in simulating black hole assaults. We delve into the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each approach, providing insights into their effectiveness in combating black hole attacks.

In addition, it uses Roadside Units (RSUs) to communicate data and promote network-wide use. The performance of PAODV_RTPSN is evaluated thoroughly with the use of several important metrics, including the Packet Drop Rate (PDR), Average End-to-End Delay (E2ED), Jitter, Network Throughput (Th), and Network Routing Load (NRL). The study involves simulations with 500 nodes over 1000 seconds in NS2, comparing AODV, AODV under black hole attacks, and the proposed hybrid approach. The results demonstrate that PAODV_RTPSN significantly mitigates the adverse effects of black hole attacks, improving PDR, Th, E2ED, Jitter, and NRL. In conclusion, this research contributes a robust solution to the security challenge of black hole attacks in VANETs while upholding user anonymity. PAODV_RTPSN substantially improves network performance, making VANETs more resilient and trustworthy for drivers and authorities.