Author(s): Samir Al-Mutairi, Rana Al-Khafaji and Hassan Al-Saedi

Abstract: Cloud-native microservices have become the dominant architectural paradigm for building scalable and resilient applications, yet database integration bottlenecks remain a persistent challenge, particularly in regions with infrastructural constraints such as Iraq. This study evaluates the performance implications of three integration strategies—synchronous, asynchronous, and hybrid—within cloud-native deployments hosted in Iraqi institutions. Using Kubernetes-orchestrated clusters, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB databases, and monitoring tools including Prometheus and Grafana, experiments were conducted under varying load conditions (500, 1000, and 2000 requests per second). Performance metrics such as P95 latency, throughput, error rate, replication lag, availability, and failover recovery were collected and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and pairwise t-tests. Results demonstrated that asynchronous integration consistently outperformed synchronous and hybrid models, sustaining higher throughput, lower latency, and greater resilience under failure conditions. Hybrid integration provided moderate improvements, while synchronous approaches exhibited significant performance degradation and higher error rates at peak loads. The findings highlight the critical importance of architectural choices in determining system robustness, particularly in developing countries where infrastructural instability magnifies bottlenecks. Practical recommendations include adopting asynchronous integration as the default strategy, confining synchronous operations to essential transactional processes, leveraging caching and replication tuning, and strengthening orchestration-level fault tolerance. Beyond technical insights, this research underscores the role of context-sensitive deployment strategies in enabling reliable digital transformation in Iraq. By bridging global architectural principles with localized realities, the study provides actionable evidence to guide practitioners, policymakers, and organizations seeking to modernize critical systems under resource-constrained conditions.

DOI: 10.33545/27076636.2025.v6.i2a.125

Pages: 156-161 | Views: 92 | Downloads: 27

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