Author(s): Michael R Holloway, Daniel P Fischer and Laura M Bennett

Abstract: Noise performance is a critical determinant of fidelity, stability, and efficiency in basic analog amplifier circuits used across communication, instrumentation, and control systems. Even when gain and bandwidth requirements are satisfied, excessive electrical noise can degrade signal integrity, limit dynamic range, and reduce overall system reliability. This research presents a focused examination of noise sources in basic analog amplifiers and evaluates practical noise reduction techniques applicable at the circuit design level. Thermal noise, shot noise, flicker noise, and power supply induced disturbances are analyzed with respect to resistive elements, active devices, and interconnection layouts. Emphasis is placed on commonly used amplifier configurations, including common-emitter, common-source, and operational amplifier-based stages. Various mitigation strategies such as optimal biasing, component selection, impedance matching, feedback optimization, grounding practices, and power supply decoupling are systematically reviewed. Comparative analysis highlights how trade-offs between gain, bandwidth, and noise figure influence design decisions in low frequency and audio range applications. Simulation based evaluations and reported experimental observations from existing literature are synthesized to demonstrate the effectiveness of each technique under realistic operating conditions. The findings indicate that careful resistor value selection, appropriate use of negative feedback, and disciplined layout practices can significantly reduce noise without increasing circuit complexity or cost. The research concludes that noise reduction should be treated as an integral part of early amplifier design rather than a corrective step, enabling robust, low noise analog circuits suitable for modern electronic systems. Such an approach supports improved manufacturability, predictable performance, and long-term operational consistency. By consolidating theoretical principles with practical guidelines, the research serves as a concise reference for students, researchers, and practicing analog circuit designers. These insights remain relevant for educational laboratories and cost sensitive industrial electronics applications. Noise aware design ultimately enhances signal quality and system dependability in diverse real world analog implementations.

DOI: 10.33545/27075923.2026.v7.i1a.119

Pages: 11-15 | Views: 101 | Downloads: 57

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