Author(s): Lucas Verhoeven and Sofia Marinelli

Abstract: Short-range wireless communication systems have become integral to modern digital infrastructure, enabling seamless connectivity in applications such as personal area networks, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, wearable electronics, and smart environments. The performance and reliability of these systems are fundamentally governed by electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics, which are strongly influenced by frequency, transmission distance, antenna design, and surrounding physical environments. Understanding these propagation behaviors is essential for optimizing system design, minimizing signal degradation, and ensuring robust communication in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. This research presents a comprehensive analytical overview of electromagnetic wave propagation in short-range wireless communication systems, focusing on key parameters such as path loss, reflection, diffraction, scattering, multipath fading, and polarization effects. Special attention is given to commonly used frequency bands, including industrial, scientific, and medical bands, as well as emerging millimeter-wave frequencies employed in next-generation wireless technologies. The impact of environmental factors such as obstacles, building materials, human presence, and device mobility on signal propagation is critically examined. In addition, the research discusses propagation modeling approaches used to characterize short-range channels, including empirical, deterministic, and stochastic models, highlighting their relevance and limitations. By synthesizing theoretical principles with practical considerations, this work aims to provide a structured understanding of how electromagnetic waves behave in confined communication ranges. The insights derived from this analysis support the development of efficient wireless system architectures, improved link reliability, and enhanced quality of service in dense and dynamic deployment scenarios. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation mechanisms contributes to the advancement of energy-efficient, low-latency, and high-performance short-range wireless communication systems required for future pervasive connectivity.

DOI: 10.33545/2707661X.2026.v7.i1a.170

Pages: 11-16 | Views: 47 | Downloads: 16

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