2026, Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part B

Wireless networks have become an essential part of modern communication systems, but their open transmission medium makes them highly vulnerable to security threats such as unauthorised access, passive eavesdropping, brute-force attacks, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Ensuring secure wireless communication is therefore a critical challenge. This study presents a cryptography-based safeguarding framework designed to protect wireless networks from both active and passive attacks. The proposed approach integrates strong encryption, secure key management, and authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorised users from entering the network and accessing sensitive data. Several cryptographic algorithms, including AES, RSA, ECC, and SHA-based hashing techniques, are analysed to evaluate their effectiveness in wireless security environments. Among these, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) combined with Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for key exchange is identified as the most suitable solution due to its high security strength, low computational overhead, and resistance to brute-force and passive attacks. AES ensures data confidentiality, while ECC provides secure authentication and key distribution with minimal power consumption, making it ideal for wireless and resource-constrained devices. The proposed cryptographic safeguarding model significantly enhances network confidentiality, integrity, and access control, ensuring that only authorised users can participate in wireless communication. This approach offers a robust and efficient solution for securing wireless networks against evolving cyber threats.